إذا كانت لديك شبكة لابد من ان تحتاج إلى Protocol حتى يستطيع الكمبيوتر الخاص بك من التفاهم مع أجهزة الشبكة الأخرى.
ويندوز 2000 يدعم العديد من البرتوكولات الخاصة بالشبكة والتي منها:
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
IPX/SPX: Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange
NetBEUI: NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface
AppleTalk
DLC: Data Link Control
فبروتوكول TCP/IP وهو البروتوكول الرئيسي للإنترنت، ومن خصائصه:
1- Routable networking protocol supported by most operating systems. Most large networks rely on TCP/IP.
2- Technology for connecting dissimilar systems. You can use many standard connectivity utilities to access and transfer data between dissimilar systems. Windows 2000 includes several of these standard utilities.
3- Robust, scalable, cross-platform client/server framework. TCP/IP supports the Winsock interface, which is ideal for developing client/server applications for Winsock-compliant stacks.
4- A method of gaining access to Internet resources.
ويتطلب للعمل ثلاث أشياء:
1- IP Address: A logical 32-bit address that identifies a TCP/IP host. Each network adapter card in a computer running TCP/IP requires a unique IP address, such as 192.168.0.108. Each address has two parts: a network ID, which identifies all hosts on the same physical network, and a host ID, which identifies a host on the network. In this example, the network ID is 192.168.0, and the host ID is 108.
2- Subnet Mask: A network in a multiple-network environment that uses IP addresses derived from a single network ID. Subnets divide a large network into multiple physical networks connected with routers. A subnet mask blocks out part of the IP address so that TCP/IP can distinguish the network ID from the host ID. When TCP/IP hosts try to communicate, the subnet mask determines whether the destination host is on a local or remote network. To communicate within a local network, computers must have the same subnet mask.
3- Default Gateway: The intermediate device on a local network that stores network IDs of other networks in the enterprise or on the Internet. To communicate with a host on another network, configure an IP address for the default gateway. TCP/IP sends packets for remote networks to the default gateway (if no other route is configured), which forwards the packets to other gateways until the packet is delivered to a gateway connected to the specified destination.
NetBEUI وهو بروتوكول غير محبذ في العديد من الشبكات (بالإمكان استخدامه في شبكة من 20 إلى 200 حاسوب) وهو لا يتصف بأي سرية للبيانات المرسلة عبر الشبكة:
NetBEUI was originally developed as a protocol for small departmental LANs of 20 to 200 computers.
NetBEUI is not routable because it doesn't have a network layer. Because of this limitation, you must connect computers running Windows 2000 and NetBEUI by using bridges instead of routers. In addition, NetBEUI is broadcast-based, which means it relies on broadcasts for many of its functions, such as name registration and discovery, and so it creates more broadcast traffic than other protocols. NetBEUI is included with Windows 2000 Server and Windows 2000 Professional primarily as a legacy protocol to support workstations that have not been upgraded to Windows 2000.
NetBEUI provides compatibility with existing LANs that use the NetBEUI protocol. NetBEUI provides computers running Windows 2000 with the following capabilities:
1- Connection-oriented and connectionless communication between computers
2- Self-configuration and self-tuning
3- Error protection
4- Small memory overhead
AppleTalk وهو البرتوكول المستخدم في ربط حواسيب الماكنتوش:
AppleTalk is a protocol suite developed by Apple Computer Corporation for communication between Macintosh computers. Windows 2000 includes support for AppleTalk, which allows computers running Windows 2000 Server and Apple Macintosh clients to share files and printers.
نحتاج بروتوكول DLC عندما يكون لدينا طابعات شبكة:
DLC is used to print to Hewlett-Packard printers that are connected directly to networks. Network-attached printers use the DLC protocol because the received frames are easy to disassemble and because DLC functionality can easily be coded into read-only memory (ROM). The usefulness of DLC is limited because it doesn't directly interface with the Transport Driver Interface layer. DLC should be installed only on network machines that perform tasks such as sending data to a network Hewlett-Packard printer. Clients sending print jobs to a network print device through a Windows 2000 print server do not need the DLC protocol installed.