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Since types are defined recursively in C++, there are few limitations on the types of nightmar-
ish expressions you can create beyond the limitations of the CLR.
For example, the following valid expression declares the variable p to be a pointer to a
function taking int and char and returning a pointer to an array of pointers of pointers
tofunctions taking int and returning handles to R:
R ^ (**(*(*p)(int, char))[])(int);
In general, this is how you read complex declarations: Start at the name of the variable
inthe center. In this case, the variable name is p. From there, look to the right. If you see an
opening parenthesis, it’s a function. If you see an opening square bracket, it is an array. If you
see a semicolon, a closing parenthesis, or nothing at all, look to the left. If you see a ^, it’s a
handle. If you see a *, it’s a pointer. From there, continue to telescope your way outward,
respecting parentheses and skipping over tokens you’ve already used. Clearly, this is an algo-
rithm that is easier said than done.
The nice thing about complex declarations is that the only limits are those of your imagi-
nation.

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Visual C++ 2005

for C# Developers